laser cutting parameters stainless steel

In addition, to control the influence of the laser beam, the laser parameters must be selected appropriately. The most effective variable in, high-power laser cutting, laser parameters, cutting quality, ANOVA, multiple regression. By contrast, when cutting speed was increased, removed area of kerf was decreased. You can check out the spot size formula here: https://www.machinemfg.com/laser-cutting-quality-control/#The_effect_of_the_beam_on_cutting_quality, Your email address will not be published. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. SUS304 is stainless steel that has high corrosion resistance due to containing Cr component. 494 012041, 1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Brawijaya University, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/494/1/012041. This is the corresponding sum of squares divided by degrees of freedom. When the heat input was increased, the kerf width and the removed area of kerf were also increased. In the case of the chemical properties of materials, SUS304 includes the chemical composition of Ni and Cr. Width of the specimen was 39mm, and length was 300mm. ANOVA tables demonstrate the results of laser power, cutting speed, and laser power cutting speed for the 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). Lee D., Oh B., Suk J. Recently, laser cutting is used in many industries. m, was observed on the cut surface. Chemical compositions of the material used were shown in Table 1. In the case of SS41 analyzed by ANOVA, the most effective variable of kerftop, kerfbottom, and melting was laser power. The other variables affecting kerfbottom were laser power and cutting speed which were 38.3% and 20.22% of PCR, respectively. It is challenging to machine SS41 and SUS304 with high precision using conventional techniques such as mechanical cutting, drilling milling. In addition, these are used to investigate the effects of parameter and interaction between parameters. Lee D., Suk J. Laser Cutting Characteristics on Uncompressed Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries. However, when cutting speed was increased, dross-free cutting was achieved. The laser parameters are set in the range where the material was completely cut. Changes in cutting speed has more effect on surface roughness while gas pressure has more effect on cutting surface hardness. The null hypothesis is statistical proof to determine that the regression model is statistically significant. 59~n FtgcF``O=}$Y$N1H!V$V,t-Y UmY ]j8,px%O98~ Variation of the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) in SUS304 according to EVolume. The kerf width of the top and bottom surface, melting width, and HAZ are analyzed according to volume energy. to A chamber connected to a vacuum pump was mounted on an NC work table. International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Research and Application 2325 October 2018, Malang, Indonesia In contrast, the kerf width of 2.0kW laser power is wider than that of the other laser powers at the high heat input. (3)When the heat input was increased, the kerf width and the removed area of kerf were also increased. When laser power was increased, the critical cutting speed The rate was calculated from the slope of the line obtained by least squares approximation from The MS represents the estimate of the population variance. Cavitation-erosion Resistance of Stabilized Stainless Steel with Niobium Addition in Sea Water Environment. Effects of gases on laser cutting of stainless steels. This experimental study investigated the effect of laser parameters on the machining of SS41 and SUS304. Generally, the measured kerf widths on the top surface are slightly larger than those on the bottom surface. The metallic materials play an important role in engineering applications. Inst. In addition, the determination coefficient (Rsq-value) and the adjusted determination coefficient (Radj) are calculated to check whether the data predicted by the regression model is appropriate. Investigation of interaction mechanisms in laser drilling of thermoplastic and thermoset polymers using different wavelengths. In this study, laser power was varied from 1.0 to 2.0kW. Therefore, laser cutting is applied in many industries such as automobile, aerospace, shipbuilding, and so on [2]. Laser cutting is one of the thermal cutting processes such as gas cutting and plasma cutting [1]. At the laser power of 3100 W, the kerf widths of top and bottom are observed with the largest width of 796 m and 375 m, respectively. Figure 14 shows the effect of cutting condition on the rate of pressure rise during AGF laser cutting at different laser power. As mentioned, the difference between top and bottom can be caused by various factors, such as loss of intensity of the beam, defocusing of the laser beam, or loss of gas pressure for the thickness of the materials. Volume energy is also an important parameter in the laser cutting process which is used to understand the interaction between laser and materials [24]. The regression model for melting width is shown in Figure 6c. However, the limitation of mechanical processing can be solved by laser processing. For the experimental results on, In the case of multiple regression on the SSand SUS it is founded that the experimental results in kerf widths, melting, and HAZ are affected by laser parameters. Lee D. Understanding of BeCu Interaction Characteristics with a Variation of ns Laser-Pulse Duration. This is similar to the experimental result of kerftop. Copyright 2012 Hitoshi Ozaki et al. In addition, the evaluation of the laser processing parameters is significantly important to achieve optimal cutting quality. will also be available for a limited time. If the microstructure changes, a microcrack occurs in the processed material, it causes a partial breakdown of the product and deteriorates the quality. . Before As mentioned above, in AGF laser cutting, the molten metal can be removed by the air flow caused by the pressure difference between both sides of the specimen. If the microstructure changes, a microcrack occurs in the processed material, it causes a partial breakdown of the product and deteriorates the quality. Multiple regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are used to predict the kerf width, melting width, and Heat Affected Zones (HAZ) generated after laser cutting. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. Due to the development of technology and high-tech industrialization, the various processing technologies are being developed with the requirement of high precision. 750-6000W Fiber Laser Cutting Speed (Raycus Laser Source), 1000-6000W Fiber Laser Cutting Speed (IPG Laser Source), CO2 Laser Cutting Thickness & Speed chart, https://www.machinemfg.com/laser-cutting-quality-control/#The_effect_of_the_beam_on_cutting_quality, Prospects ofLaser Technology in Engineering Machinery, 36 Types of Thermomechanical TreatmentProcess, Top 10 Shearing Machine Manufacturers in China (2022 Updated), Global Top 10 Press Brake Manufacturers (2022 Updated), Top 20 Laser Cutting Machine Manufacturers in 2022, Pump Control Technology: ItBrings Performance Upgrade to Hydraulic Press Brake, 13 Types of Springs: Performance And Application. After the cutting speed of 3000 m/mm, the melting width increases when the cutting speed increases. The assistance gases, N2 and O2, are common assistance gasses used for laser cutting on stainless steel or carbon steel [21,22]. Different fiber optics, material quality, gases, optical lenses, cutting patterns, etc., will affect the cutting speed and need to be adjusted according to site conditions; The yellow part is nitrogen (pure nitrogen) cutting, the blue part is oxygen (pure oxygen) cutting; Laser cutting in the processing of the limited material is inefficient and the effect will be reduced, cannot be continuous processing; For the cutting of high anti-corrosive materials such as copper and aluminum, attention should be paid to adjusting the process. %PDF-1.4 {h5ic`UTRm#v2;=>*vR)|f?>`{,UU:s=7yS73,D3P!\2. ppnGHTH+Bk If the regression model becomes overfitting, the prediction of experimental results through the regression model becomes meaningless. (In Depth Interpretation). where Plaser is the laser power [W], Vs is the cutting speed [mm/min], and A is the spot area of the laser beam [mm]. Kaebernick et. EVolume is proportional to laser power. The cross-sectional shapes of kerf at different laser power and cutting speed are shown in Figure 6. This technology utilizes high temperatures generated by engine to perform the cutting process. As materials, austenitic stainless steel, JIS SUS304, was used for AGF laser cutting. Before Increase in the laser power led to increase of the critical cutting speed. 2012, Article ID 234321, 8 pages, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/234321, 1Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan. What Are The Criteria? Vv,O!LM9&:cU. In addition, cut surface was observed in detail after etching the kerf cross-section with hydrochloric acid. (1)Increase in the laser power led to increase of the critical cutting speed. When inside of the chamber became near vacuum state, AGF laser cutting experiment was carried out. Focal length of lens was 127mm, and focal position was set at the surface of the SUS304 plate. , the pressure in the chamber was about 0kPa, or near vacuum state. The specimen is heavily influenced by the laser beam and rapidly heats up to the vaporization temperature of the material. In the relationship of the laser parameters, the melting width increases as the increasing laser power. When heat input was increased, both kerf width and removed kerf area were also increased. Therefore, it is important to reduce the HAZ during the laser cutting so that micro-cracks can be avoided. In addition, the pressure difference is important for this process, since it corresponds to the assist gas pressure in conventional laser cutting process. The kerf widths are measured in the kerf top and kerf bottom. The effect of the EVolume on HAZ is shown in Figure 5. In order to discuss cross-sectional shapes of kerf, its profiles were measured with all cut specimens. 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. It is also the most appropriate decision coefficient among the regression models for SUS304. Therefore, to achieve high precision processing of the SS41 and SUS304, laser manufacturing has been applied. Indeed, adjustable laser parameters include laser power, cutting speed, assist gas pressure, and stand-off distance. Yalukova O., Srady I. stream M. F. Zaeh, J. Moesl, J. Musiol, and F. Oefele, Material processing with remote technologyrevolution or evolution?, J. Hatwig, G. Reinhart, and M. F. Zaeh, Automated task planning for industrial robots and laser scanners for remote laser beam welding and cutting,, H. Shamoto, T. Ikeda, and A. Tsuboi, Development of remote cutting technology by high quality solid state laser, in. This happens due to various reasons, such as loss of intensity of the beam, defocusing of the laser beam, or loss of gas pressure. Process parameters for AGF laser cutting were shown in Table 2. to When laser power was increased, the range of cutting speed which could be cut was expanded. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The regression model of kerftop is shown in Figure 7a and mathematical equations are expressed in Equations (6)(8), respectively. Learn more No related content is available yet for this article. The kerf widths of the top and bottom surface also increase with increasing Evolume. When the laser power was decreased or the cutting speed was increased, the rate of pressure rise in the chamber during cutting process was decreased. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. On the other hand, the variation of the kerftop is insignificant when the cutting speed increases. In addition, the laser cutting process depends on assistance gases. The authors declare no conflict of interest. In order to analyze the experimental results, the kerf widths generated after the cutting process are measured on both top and bottom surfaces [23]. However, the melting width first decreases when cutting speed increases up to 3000 mm/min. Variation of (a) kerftop and (b) kerfbottom in SS41 according to Evolume. The experimental results of laser cutting on metallic materials (SS41 and SUS304) are investigated. The regression equation can appropriately predict output variables from independent variables. Hoffman J., Chrzanowska-Giyska J., Kucharski S., Mocicki T., Mihailescu I.N., Ristoscu C., Szymaski Z. By contrast, when cutting speed was increased, kerf width was decreased, as the heat input was also decreased. When cutting speed was decreased, because the amount of the molten metal was increased, part of the molten metal was not removed from the kerf and remained at the bottom surface of the plate as the dross. The present study is focused on cutting properties of austenitic stainless steel by using AGF laser cutting process. The experimental results of kerf top, kerf bottom, melting width, and HAZ on the laser parameters are properly predicted by multiple regression. Gabzdyl J.T. The regression model of kerfbottom is shown in Figure 6b. In this process, the pressure at the bottom side of a workpiece is reduced by a vacuum pump, and the molten metal can be removed by the air flow caused by the pressure difference between both sides of the specimen. The method is non-contact processing, which provides flexibility in processing [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. As the result, the process quality of the laser cutting has been observed by measuring the top and bottom kerf widths, as well as the size of the melting zone and Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) according to volume energy. With the laser power of 2.0kW, the critical cutting speed was 100mm/s. The kerf taper was below 0.06mm in all cutting conditions. However, because of the gas nozzle should be set closer to the surface of a workpiece, existence of the nozzle seems to prevent laser cutting from being used flexible. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The complex effect of laser power cutting speed has more influence on the material than the effect of laser power. The kerf taper was below 0.06mm in all cutting conditions. Similar thin layer was also confirmed at other cutting conditions. The maximum width of HAZ is 800 m at 3500W and the minimum width of the HAZ is 550 m at 2100 W. This can be related to the heat input entering the material. The character of the laser-cutting surface on 316L series stainless steel material was observed related to the roughness, hardness and microstructure. The maximum width of HAZ was 800 m at 3500 W and the minimum width of the HAZ was 550 m at 2100 W. This can be related to the heat input entering the material. FOIA In the present study, cutting properties of austenitic stainless steel by using AGF laser cutting were investigated. These components improve corrosion resistance and heat resistance. The kerf widths are the part where the laser is irradiated, and the material is completely cut-off. Figure 7 shows the effect of cutting speed on kerf taper at different laser power. The removed area of kerf means the cross-sectional area of kerf. Ser. and transmitted securely. Ezugwu E., Wang Z. Titanium alloys and their machinabilityA review. At the ANOVA results of HAZ, the PCR of the laser power, cutting speed, and laser power cutting speed were found to be 22.39%, 28.74%, and 40.78%, respectively. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); With over 20 years of experience in metalworking and mechanical engineering, we're dedicated to providing top edge machinery, expert consultation, quality customer service to you so as to help you get more out of your metal! The influence of laser parameters on the components such Ni and Cr needs further study. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. In this section, the effect of the laser parameter is investigated through the analysis of variance (ANOVA). In laser cutting of metallic materials, molten metal is usually removed by using suitable assist gas at high pressure as shown in Figure 1 [3]. This thin film can protect from the surface corrosion and heat damage and the effect of laser power might decrease due to the protecting thin film. Experimental results are analyzed through Evolume to identify the effect on the laser powers and cutting speed. EVolume is proportional to laser power. To calculate the regression coefficient , the coefficients of the quadratic regression model are calculated. In all cutting conditions, cut kerfs are formed perpendicular to the surface of the plate. Rsq and Rsq(adj) were 0.86 and 0.85, respectively. Process monitoring and effects of process parameters on responses in turn-milling operations based on SN ratio and ANOVA. As the Evolume increases, the material is rapidly heated. Shrivastava P.K., Pandey A.K. In this paper, we firstly describe the material properties, experimental equipment, and laser parameters. (Buyer's Guide), User Manual of Metal Laser Cutting Machine, The Ultimate Guide to Fiber Laser Cutting, The Ultimate Guide to Fiber Laser Cutting Machine, What Is Fiber Laser? official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Send us a message or leave your comment below to let us know what's in your mind. Eng. In the present study, a continuous wavelength CO2 laser system, which has a maximum laser power of 4.4 kW (Bylaser 4400, Bystronic, Niedernz, Switzerland), was used for the cutting process. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, al. Hi, I'm Shanefounder of MachineMfg. The previous studies have done significant investigations on the influence of laser parameters in the laser cutting process to materials. Piercing time was 1s every time. This layer may be formed by solidification of the molten metal which wasnt removed, that is, recast layer. The conclusions of this experiment are as follows: D.L. Among the laser system used by industries, the CO2 laser has more economical than other laser systems. Seo Y., Lee D., Pyo S. Microstructural Characteristics of Cement-Based Materials Fabricated Using Multi-Mode Fiber Laser. This indicates that the parameters used have a significant effect on the experimental results. It is generally used for various applications without surface treatment because the metallic materials have low thermal deformation. To maintain high precision and good quality process, the laser parameters applied to the process should be properly selected, but the effect of the parameters is difficult to predict. When cutting with O2 gas, in the case of SS41, it is easily heated up to vaporizing temperature, thus, the material is also easily cut by a laser beam. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal [17] described a monitoring technique in the laser cutting. In addition, the effect of laser parameters on the materials is determinant by the percentage of contribution of ANOVA. Cutting Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel by Using Laser Cutting Process without Assist Gas, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan. The Effect of Compactness on Laser Cutting of Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Continuous Fiber Laser. Anghel et. The objective of this work is to do parametric analysis of process parameters for fiber laser cutting system on surface characteristics of the cut section in the cutting of 3 mm Stainless Steel (SS) sheet (ASTM 304). For example, a 1000W laser cutting machine can cut 10mm thick carbon steel, but only 4mm stainless steel. Among the metallic materials commonly used in industry, SS41 and SUS304 are the most widely used. The schematics of the kerf widths, melting width, and HAZ are shown in Figure 1. Lamikiz A., De Lacalle L.N.L., Snchez J.A., Del Pozo D., Etayo J., Lopez J., Lamikiz A. CO. Kaebernick H., Jeromin A., Mathew P. Adaptive Control for Laser Cutting Using Striation Frequency Analysis. Mech. Effect of process parameters on the kerf width during the laser cutting process. In the effects of laser power and cutting speed on kerfbottom, it is also found that kerfbottom increases as the increasing laser power. By continuing to use this site you agree to our use of cookies. Received 2020 Sep 13; Accepted 2020 Oct 14. how much does a fiber laser cutting machine cost. The results showed that the parameters of cutting speed and gas pressure had an effect on the cutting surface. From m thin layer of different microstructure from the base metal was observed on the cut surface. Part B J. Eng. Bruneel D., Matras G., Le Harzic R., Huot N., Knig K., Audouard E. Micromachining of metals with ultra-short Ti-Sapphire lasers: Prediction and optimization of the processing time. Furthermore, the kerf shapes are almost the same though laser power or cutting speed is varied. In other words, the pressure difference decreases. [20] demonstrated the experiment of laser cutting on 304 stainless steel miniature gear. In this process, as shown in Figure 2, the pressure at the bottom side of a workpiece is reduced by a vacuum pump, and the molten metal can be removed by the air flow caused by the pressure difference between top and bottom sides of the specimen. By contrast, when cutting speed was increased, the pressure rise rate was decreased, as the kerf width was also decreased as shown in Figure 8. al. Figure 8 shows the effect of cutting speed on kerf width at different laser power. In the case of the regression model, if the high order equation is used regardless of experiment data, the determination coefficient always increases. In addition, since the rate of pressure rise during cutting is low, longer cutting length can be ensured under low-heat-input cutting. The thin recast layer, about 10 This is because the various kerf shapes were present as shown in Figure 6. Beam transverse mode of the CO2 laser used is TEM00 under the laser power of 1.0kW, after that, the mode turns into To achieve improvement in product quality and productivity, the effects of laser parameters on the material should be considered as a major issue. However, as cutting progresses, air flows into the chamber from the cut kerf. The F ratio is the distribution ratio obtained through a comparison of variances. The width was measured at the specimen surface of the laser irradiated side. Lee D., Cho J., Kim C.H., Lee S.H. The CO2 laser system has many advantages such as providing good processing quality and high processing efficiency [28]. As an example, the change of the pressure during AGF laser cutting with laser power of 2.0kW and cutting speed of 40mm/s was shown in Figure 13, where, start time of piercing was defined as Yilbas B.S. When the laser power increased, the kerf shape became rectangle, since the lower part of the plate was heated well. Variation of (a) kerftop and (b) kerfbottom in SUS304 according to EVolume. The variability of the experimental data can be determined by the percentage of contribution (PCR) of each independent variable. (5)When the laser power was decreased or the cutting speed was increased, the rate of pressure rise in the chamber during cutting process was decreased. Hence, its considered that the kerf width was affected by the laser beam mode. B S Wardhana1, K Anam1, R M Ogana1 and A Kurniawan1, Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd Privacy Policy | Terms and Conditions | Sitemap. Read the winning articles. What Kind of Air Compressor And Compressed Air Are Needed for Laser Cutting Machine? At same cutting speed, when laser power was increased, kerf width was also increased, since the heat input was augmented. Lee D., Mazumder J. There are various metallic materials used for production in the industrial fields. Effects of momentum transfer on sizing of current collectors for lithium-ion batteries during laser cutting. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies In this study, cutting properties of austenitic stainless steel by using AGF laser cutting with 2kW CO2 laser were investigated. The regression model is relatively suitable for experimental data. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Hitoshi Ozaki, Yosuke Koike, Hiroshi Kawakami, Jippei Suzuki, "Cutting Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel by Using Laser Cutting Process without Assist Gas", Advances in Optical Technologies, vol. In other words, the maximum thickness that can be cut by the same power laser cutting machine is also different. Citation B S Wardhana et al 2019 IOP Conf. From this viewpoint, its expected that the application range of laser cutting will expand by realizing without assist gas. Proc. In this study, the influences of the laser parameter, such as laser power and cutting speed on the SS41 and SUS304 are studied. Variation of melting width in SS41 according to Evolume. In addition, the materials are evaporated and removed easily on the top surface. Therefore, the HAZ increases with increasing laser power. Multiple regression analysis is a mathematical model for indicating the suitability of the relationship between the independent and dependent variable [25].

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