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By using the ring ropes to pull himself up, Taylor managed to return to his feet and was given the mandatory 8-count. comfortable until the last bell. sock-like fit. If a boxer simply quits fighting, or if his corner stops the fight, then the winning boxer is also awarded a technical knockout victory. The strategic utility of the uppercut depends on its ability to "lift" an opponent's body, setting it off-balance for successive attacks. Upon contact, the hook's circular path ends abruptly and the lead hand is pulled quickly back into the guard position. In contrast with amateur boxing, professional male boxers have to be bare-chested. In that fight, Corrales' corner surrendered despite Corrales' steadfast refusal. [40], "Style" is often defined as the strategic approach a fighter takes during a bout. The brand new Box Hog 3 boxing boots leaves an impression like no other with their refreshing new design. A fighter who suffers an accidental low-blow may be given up to five minutes to recover, after which they may be ruled knocked out if they are unable to continue. The jab is recognized as the most important punch in a boxer's arsenal because it provides a fair amount of its own cover and it leaves the least space for a counter punch from the opponent. In addition to these distinctive pieces of equipment, boxers also use sport-nonspecific training equipment to build strength, speed, agility, and stamina. This page was last edited on 30 July 2022, at 17:31. There were no weight divisions or round limits, and no referee. These rules did allow the fighters an advantage not enjoyed by today's boxers; they permitted the fighter to drop to one knee to end the round and begin the 30-second count at any time. [20][21][unreliable source? [64] There is no clear division between the force required to knock a person out and the force likely to kill a person. must to have. Anonymous ("A Celebrated Pugilist"), The Art and Practice of Boxing, 1825, Daniel Mendoza, The Modern Art of Boxing, 1790, Bert Randolph Sugar (2001). 1995;15:181. There are cases however, where white ended gloves are not required but any solid color may be worn. ", "Learn about the different boxing styles. Legal Studies. Effects of Subconcussive Head Trauma on the Default Mode Network of the Brain - J Neurotrauma. Wrists are slightly bent to avoid damage when punching and the elbows are kept tucked in to protect the ribcage. Early fighting had no written rules. Knocking a person unconscious or even causing a concussion may cause permanent brain damage. We are confident that you will not be able to beat our online prices anywhere else. The height of the boxing boot can also play a part in this, with higher boots giving you a higher angle and therefore offering more shin support. An early article on boxing was published in Nottingham in 1713, by Sir Thomas Parkyns, 2nd Baronet, a wrestling patron from Bunny, Nottinghamshire, who had practised the techniques he described. You can get the best boxing brands without breaking the bank. Intentionally going down in modern boxing will cause the recovering fighter to lose points in the scoring system. A TKO is considered a knockout in a fighter's record. This earliest form of modern boxing was very different. This helps to give the boxer a very high level of stability. is extensive and starts at just 45. [96] Boxing was banned in Albania from 1965 until the fall of Communism in 1991. [7] The Mahabharata describes two combatants boxing with clenched fists and fighting with kicks, finger strikes, knee strikes and headbutts during the time of King Virata. Something went wrong. Notable counter punchers include Muhammad Ali, Joe Calzaghe, Vitali Klitschko, Evander Holyfield, Max Schmeling, Chris Byrd, Jim Corbett, Jack Johnson, Bernard Hopkins, Laszlo Papp, Jerry Quarry, Anselmo Moreno, James Toney, Marvin Hagler, Juan Manuel Mrquez, Humberto Soto, Floyd Mayweather Jr., Roger Mayweather, Pernell Whitaker, Sergio Martnez and Guillermo Rigondeaux. A1, A23. A bout in which the predetermined number of rounds passes is decided by the judges, and is said to "go the distance". Like the jab, a half-step forward may be added. Often, media outlets covering a match will personally score the match, and post their scores as an independent sentence in their report. Youll be able to reduce the risk of injury with the right boots, and with so many high-quality brands to choose from, you are spoilt for choice. Amateur boxing may be found at the collegiate level, at the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, Asian Games, etc. Because of the open-ended style of boxing judging, many fights have controversial results, in which one or both fighters believe they have been "robbed" or unfairly denied a victory. TheRival RSX-Guerrero Deluxe boxing boots is the design and technical evolution of Rivals classic lo-top boxing boots. Body rotation and the sudden weight transfer give the cross its power. A successful in-fighter often needs a good "chin" because swarming usually involves being hit with many jabs before they can maneuver inside where they are more effective. More comprehensive studies of neurological function on larger samples performed by Johns Hopkins University in 1994 and accident rates analyzed by National Safety Council in 2017 show amateur boxing is a comparatively safe sport due to the regulations of amateur boxing and a greater control of the athletes,[91] although the studies did not focus on CTE or its long-term effects. The preparatory positioning of the bodyweight over the bent lead leg is also known as an isometric preload. Published online 2014 Sep 24. The in-fighter tries to close that gap and unleash furious flurries. [83][84][85][86][87][88], In 2007, one study of amateur boxers showed that protective headgear did not prevent brain damage,[89] and another found that amateur boxers faced a high risk of brain damage. Referee Richard Steele asked Taylor twice if he was able to continue fighting, but Taylor failed to answer. The key to a swarmer is aggression, endurance, chin, and bobbing-and-weaving. to get honest and educated advice. The boxer or out-fighter tends to be most successful against a brawler, whose slow speed (both hand and foot) and poor technique makes him an easy target to hit for the faster out-fighter. High-top boxing boots offer support to your ankle and shins when you are pivoting, making them ideal for manoeuvres. Referees also ensure that the boxers don't use holding tactics to prevent the opponent from swinging. Editorials in today's issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association urged the banning of boxing in light of new evidence suggesting the chronic brain damage was prevalent among fighters New evidence of the correlation between boxing and brain damage was reported in the journal by a team of Ohio doctors, led by Dr. far as weare aware we arethe only Boxing supplier that offers this Both fighters must wear soft soled shoes to reduce the damage from accidental (or intentional) stepping on feet. For this reason, fighters often employ cutmen, whose job is to treat cuts between rounds so that the boxer is able to continue despite the cut. They will help you choose the boots for you, making it easier than ever to protect your feet in the ring. Take a look at our range and use the filters to refine your search. However, several fighters tall for their division have been relatively adept at in-fighting as well as out-fighting. In case both fighters gain equal scores from the judges, a professional bout is considered a draw. Counter punchers are slippery, defensive style fighters who often rely on their opponent's mistakes in order to gain the advantage, whether it be on the score cards or more preferably a knockout. lightweight, ensuring breathability and comfort. Boxing Gloves of the Ancient World Copyright Steven Ross Murray 2010. Boxing boots, on the other hand, offer lateral support for the ankle and front and back support as well. Redesigned and upgraded for durability, the nimble, flexible, gum-rubber Keep your opponents dancing to your tune in these Adidas Speedex 18 boxing boots. One key difference youll see is that boxing boots rise higher up on the foot and ankle. The Adidas Combat Speed 5 boot has a split suede and In their current form, Olympic and other amateur bouts are typically limited to three or four rounds, scoring is computed by points based on the number of clean blows landed, regardless of impact, and fighters wear protective headgear, reducing the number of injuries, knockdowns, and knockouts. For clarity, the following assumes a right-handed boxer. In-fighters operate best at close range because they are generally shorter and have less reach than their opponents and thus are more effective at a short distance where the longer arms of their opponents make punching awkward. A small, tear-drop-shaped "speed bag" is used to hone reflexes and repetitive punching skills, while a large cylindrical "heavy bag" filled with sand, a synthetic substitute, or water is used to practice power punching and body blows. A "standing eight" count rule may also be in effect. supplier in the UK! Crafted in Nike Flyknit featuring Hitting a downed fighter and grasping below the waist were prohibited. Designed to help maximise quickness, manoeuvrability, agility and speed This springing action could not be generated effectively, for this punch, if an upright stance was used or if the bodyweight was positioned predominantly over the back leg. The style of boxing practiced typically featured an advanced left leg stance, with the left arm semi-extended as a guard, in addition to being used for striking, and with the right arm drawn back ready to strike. Gunn M, Ormerod D. The legality of boxing. The International Boxing Hall of Fame opened in Canastota, New York in 1989. A boxing match typically consists of a determined number of three-minute rounds, a total of up to 9 to 12 rounds with a minute spent between each round with the fighters resting in their assigned corners and receiving advice and attention from their coach and staff. There was also a sport in ancient Rus called kulachniy boy or 'fist fighting'. Both sides are allowed to inspect the wraps and gloves of the opponent to help ensure both are within agreed upon specifications and no tampering has taken place. very Comfortable with a fresh new sole for 2017! "Boxing", World Book Online Americas Edition. Many short in-fighters use their stature to their advantage, employing a bob-and-weave defense by bending at the waist to slip underneath or to the sides of incoming punches. Since boxing involves forceful, repetitive punching, precautions must be taken to prevent damage to bones in the hand. It is Fawziah Abdullah Mohamedorcid Egyptology Department, Faculty of Archaeology, The Martial Science of Boxing and its Contribution to Military Close Combat / James R. Lee-Barron. There are also some two- and three-round professional bouts, especially in Australia. [58] Mike Tyson was a keen practitioner of a crouched stance and this style of power punching. Mainly Mexican, Irish, Irish-American, Puerto Rican, and Mexican-American boxers popularized this style. They have all the features you have come to expect We are sure you will find the right boots to assist with your training and performance when boxing. With an updated mesh pack, lightweight and breathable, the Nike Machomai mid boxing boots are designed to maximise the quickness, agility and boxing styles of today's best fighters. Although the term "boxing" is commonly attributed to "western boxing", in which only the fists are involved, boxing has developed in various ways in different geographical areas and cultures. Step into the ring in style with these Sting Viper Boxing Boots that are designed to enhance the natural movement needed to compete at the highest level in the ring. Some jurisdictions require the referee to count to eight regardless of if the fighter gets up before. During the period of the Western Satraps, the ruler Rudradamanin addition to being well-versed in "the great sciences" which included Indian classical music, Sanskrit grammar, and logicwas said to be an excellent horseman, charioteer, elephant rider, swordsman and boxer. After viewing product detail pages, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in. [92], In 1997, the American Association of Professional Ringside Physicians was established to create medical protocols through research and education to prevent injuries in boxing. Each punch that lands cleanly on the head or torso with sufficient force is awarded a point. Worldwide delivery available - ORDER NOW! Thus a fighter realizing he was in trouble had an opportunity to recover. | Sitemap, *EXCLUSIVE* RINGSIDE INSIGNIA BOXING BOOTS, NIKE HYPERKO 2 BOXING BOOTS - TOKYO OLYMPIC EDITION, VIRTUOS BOXING LEGNO LOW TOP BOXING BOOTS, EXCLUSIVE ADIDAS BOX HOG X SPECIAL BOXING BOOTS, ADIDAS JUNIOR BOX HOG 2 ELITE BOXING BOOTS. "[69] Since then, the British,[70] Canadian[71] and Australian[72] Medical Associations have called for bans on boxing. Brawlers tend to overcome swarmers or in-fighters because, in trying to get close to the slugger, the in-fighter will invariably have to walk straight into the guns of the much harder-hitting brawler, so, unless the former has a very good chin and the latter's stamina is poor, the brawler's superior power will carry the day. Hitting with different extremities of the body, such as kicks and punches, as an act of human aggression, has existed throughout the world throughout human history, being a combat system as old as wrestling. Boxing boots are available in varying sizes, with popular brands being Nike, Adidas and Lonsdale. In March 1981, neurosurgeon Dr. Fred Sonstein sought to use CAT scans in an attempt to track the degeneration of boxers' cognitive functions after seeing the decline of Bennie Briscoe. With three judges, unanimous and split decisions are possible, as are draws. As the leading online boxing equipment retailer in the UK, we offer the finest brands in boxing. A classic "boxer" or stylist (also known as an "out-fighter") seeks to maintain distance between himself and his opponent, fighting with faster, longer range punches, most notably the jab, and gradually wearing his opponent down. [citation needed]. ", "The Evidence for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Boxing", "American Association of Professional Ringside Physicians", "Bournemouth mum takes up boxing to improve mental health", "Boxing Hall of Fame Las Vegas news Boxing News", "Boxing Hall of Fame Las Vegas announces first class of inductees, gives sport its third hall Boxing Experts Blog Boxing Blog Yahoo! The better grip a boxing boot has, the more stability you have. [19] In modern boxing, there is a three-minute limit to rounds (unlike the downed fighter ends the round rule). one-piece rubber outsole which will help to deliver consistent grip for To support with this, Boxfit offers a huge range of boxing boots from top quality worldwide brands. No stranger to the gym or the ring these boxing shoes keep your intensity high thanks to their breathable mesh upper and inner reinforcements. Three main styles exist in boxing: outside fighter ("boxer"), brawler (or "slugger"), and inside fighter ("swarmer"). Chvez would have to knock Taylor out to claim a victory, whereas Taylor merely needed to stay away from the Mexican legend. The first world heavyweight champion under the Queensberry Rules was "Gentleman Jim" Corbett, who defeated John L. Sullivan in 1892 at the Pelican Athletic Club in New Orleans.[28]. Each fighter was given a ten-second count if he was knocked down, and wrestling was banned. A majority of young talent still comes from poverty-stricken areas around the world. Each competitor must have their hands properly wrapped, pre-fight, for added protection on their hands and for added cushion under the gloves. The modern sport arose from illegal venues and outlawed prizefighting and has become a multibillion-dollar commercial enterprise. We stock Everlast boxing boots, Nike boxing boots,Adidas boxing boots, and plenty more brilliant options from leading suppliers in the industry. Your boxing boots should offer a snug and secure fit that permits sufficient mobility without causing blisters. Chvez remained relentless in his pursuit of Taylor and due to his greater punching power Chvez slowly punished Taylor. Sometimes it has been used, because of its immense potential power, to finish off an already staggering opponent who seems unable or unlikely to take advantage of the poor position it leaves the puncher in. [1][2] Boxing techniques have been incorporated into many martial arts, military systems, and other combat sports. This gives the referee the right to step in and administer a count of eight to a fighter that the referee feels may be in danger, even if no knockdown has taken place. However, this was considered "unmanly"[18] and was frequently disallowed by additional rules negotiated by the seconds of the boxers. The breathable Make sure you have expert footwork with these Adidas Speedex 18 Contrast Boxing Boots that are ultra-light and supportive but will also support the foot so you can easily move around the ring quickly and untouched. The rear (right) fist is held beside the chin and the elbow tucked against the ribcage to protect the body. They observe that many skilled professional boxers have had rewarding careers without inflicting injury on opponents by accumulating scoring blows and avoiding punches winning rounds scored 10-9 by the 10-point must system, and they note that there are many other sports where concussions are much more prevalent. The right uppercut followed by a left hook is a deadly combination employing the uppercut to lift an opponent's chin into a vulnerable position, then the hook to knock the opponent out. The fighter with the higher score at the end of the fight is ruled the winner. The hook may also be thrown with the rear hand. They should boast a narrow and tight fit for lateral support and foot control. No matter the style, fit, and size of boot you need, youll find it right here. The boxers would wind leather thongs around their hands in order to protect them. Prior to a bout, both boxers agree upon the weight of gloves to be used in the bout, with the understanding that lighter gloves allow heavy punchers to inflict more damage. Here at Geezers Boxing, we have a huge range of boxing boots for you to choose from, including the biggest brands in sports. A brawler is a fighter who generally lacks finesse and footwork in the ring, but makes up for it through sheer punching power. Contests in Mr. Figg's time, in addition to fist fighting, also contained fencing and cudgeling. Headgear is not permitted in professional bouts, and boxers are generally allowed to take much more damage before a fight is halted. The Boxing Hall of Fame Las Vegas features the $75 million ESPN Classic Sports fight film and tape library and radio broadcast collection. Brawlers tend to be more predictable and easy to hit but usually fare well enough against other fighting styles because they train to take punches very well. Try again. Old history of the development of boxing and its prevalence contribute to fusion of various types of martial arts and the emergence of new ones that are based on them. A referee monitors the fight to ensure that competitors use only legal blows. The double-end bag is usually connected by elastic on the top and bottom and moves randomly upon getting struck and helps the fighter work on accuracy and reflexes. If a lead left hook is thrown from this position, it will produce a powerful springing action in the lead leg and produce a more explosive punch. Fifteen rounds remained the internationally recognized limit for championship fights for most of the 20th century until the early 1980s, when the death of boxer Kim Duk-koo eventually prompted the World Boxing Council and other organizations sanctioning professional boxing to reduce the limit to twelve rounds. Wide, looping punches have the further disadvantage of taking more time to deliver, giving the opponent ample warning to react and counter. Still, throughout this period, there arose some notable bare knuckle champions who developed fairly sophisticated fighting tactics. But with our best price guarantee, we can always look at matching any UK competitor.*. Everything working together can really help you reach your full potential. A boxer must be well rounded to be effective using this style. A "no decision" bout occurred when, by law or by pre-arrangement of the fighters, if both boxers were still standing at the fight's conclusion and there was no knockout, no official decision was rendered and neither boxer was declared the winner. In 1867, the Marquess of Queensberry rules were drafted by John Chambers for amateur championships held at Lillie Bridge in London for lightweights, middleweights and heavyweights. Some claim that with a careful and thoughtful approach, boxing can be quite beneficial to health. Even in the U.S., places like the inner cities of New York, and Chicago have given rise to promising young talent. There were no rounds and boxers fought until one of them acknowledged defeat or could not continue. Taylor's hand and foot speed and boxing abilities gave him the early advantage, allowing him to begin building a large lead on points. Third parties use cookies for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalised ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products. In 1790 in Waddington, Lincolnshire Mary Farmery and Susanna Locker both laid claim to the affections of a young man; this produced a challenge from the former to fight for the prize, which was accepted by the latter. This includes using first- and third-party cookies, which store or access standard device information such as a unique identifier. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Thus, fighting against counter punchers requires constant feinting and the ability to avoid telegraphing one's attacks. Examples of this style include George Foreman, Rocky Marciano, Julio Csar Chvez, Roberto Durn, Jack Dempsey, Riddick Bowe, Danny Garca, Wilfredo Gmez, Sonny Liston, John L. Sullivan, Max Baer, Prince Naseem Hamed, Ray Mancini, David Tua, Arturo Gatti, Micky Ward, Brandon Ros, Ruslan Provodnikov, Michael Katsidis, James Kirkland, Marcos Maidana, Vitali Klitschko, Jake LaMotta, Manny Pacquiao, and Ireland's John Duddy. For example, an out-fighter will sometimes plant his feet and counter punch, or a slugger may have the stamina to pressure fight with his power punches. A great boxing boot. Some notable boxers who have been able to develop relative power in their jabs and use it to punish or wear down their opponents to some effect include Larry Holmes and Wladimir Klitschko. The Learn how and when to remove this template message, The distance (boxing) Distance change criticisms, International Boxing Hall of Fame (IBHOF), Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation, Volumen 2 - by Thomas A. [66] From 1980 to 2007, more than 200 amateur boxers, professional boxers and Toughman fighters died due to ring or training injuries. [27] Brawling and wrestling tactics continued, and riots at prizefights were common occurrences. wrestling boots. Failure to abide by the former may result in a foul. Chvez was the epitome of the "Mexican" style of boxing. traction from the gum rubber soles. Boxing is overseen by a referee over a series of one-to-three-minute intervals called "rounds". The Adidas Mat Wizard Hype Boot is a special edition of the Mat The introduction of gloves of "fair-size" also changed the nature of the bouts. medial and lateral drive zones on the forefoot and the heel. The lead (left) fist is held vertically about six inches in front of the face at eye level. The earliest references to musti-yuddha come from classical Vedic epics such as the Rig Veda (c. 15001000 BCE) and Ramayana (c. 700400 BCE). This style of boxing is also used by fictional boxer Little Mac. In general, boxers are prohibited from hitting below the belt, holding, tripping, pushing, biting, or spitting. Amateur boxing is both an Olympic and Commonwealth Games sport and is a standard fixture in most international games it also has its own world championships. Weight categories were not used, which meant heavier fighters had a tendency to dominate. [90] The Gothenburg study analyzed temporary levels of neurofilament light in cerebral spinal fluid which they conclude is evidence of damage, even though the levels soon subside. Because less defensive emphasis was placed on the use of the forearms and more on the gloves, the classical forearms outwards, torso leaning back stance of the bare knuckle boxer was modified to a more modern stance in which the torso is tilted forward and the hands are held closer to the face. There seems to be a problem serving the request at this time. [3], Various types of boxing existed in ancient India. The cutman is a cutaneous doctor responsible for keeping the boxer's face and eyes free of cuts, blood and excessive swelling. [39] Amateur bouts which end this way may be noted as "RSC" (referee stopped contest) with notations for an outclassed opponent (RSCO), outscored opponent (RSCOS), injury (RSCI) or head injury (RSCH). This style was also used by fictional boxer Apollo Creed. A die-cut EVA midsole wedge supports your midfoot for a stable *** LIMITED STOCK AVAILABLE, ONCE THEY'VE GONE, THEY'VE GONE *** This is of particular importance because many fights are stopped because of cuts or swelling that threaten the boxer's eyes. Suddenly Chvez stepped around Taylor, positioning him so that Taylor was trapped in the corner, with no way to escape from Chvez' desperate final flurry. North American fighters tend to favor a more balanced stance, facing the opponent almost squarely, while many European fighters stand with their torso turned more to the side. The white end is just a way to make it easier for judges to score clean hits. A belt worn over the torso represents the lower limit of punches any boxer repeatedly landing low blows below the belt is disqualified. However, in terms of sports competition, due to the lack of writing in the prehistoric times and the lack of references, it is not possible to determine rules of any kind of boxing in prehistory, and in ancient times only can be inferred from the few intact sources and references to the sport. [3] These early Middle-Eastern and Egyptian depictions showed contests where fighters were either bare-fisted or had a band supporting the wrist. Relying on body weight and centripetal force within a wide arc, the roundhouse can be a powerful blow, but it is often a wild and uncontrolled punch that leaves the fighter delivering it off balance and with an open guard. It is this exclusive fight film library that will separate the Boxing Hall of Fame Las Vegas from the other halls of fame which do not have rights to any video of their sports. construction boot, with anti-slip sole. There are various organization and websites, that rank boxers in both weight class and pound-for-pound manner. However, there are detailed records of various fist-fighting sports that were maintained in different cities and provinces of Italy between the 12th and 17th centuries. style of boot. The inaugural inductees included Muhammad Ali, Henry Armstrong, Tony Canzoneri, Ezzard Charles, Julio Csar Chvez Sr., Jack Dempsey, Roberto Durn, Joe Louis, and Sugar Ray Robinson[102]. Boxing boots are available with thin soles or thick soles. They usually try to stay away from the center of the ring, in order to outmaneuver and chip away at their opponents. General Collection, International Women's Boxing Hall of Fame, List of deaths due to injuries sustained in boxing, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boxing&oldid=1101370521, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from June 2022, Articles lacking reliable references from June 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Articles needing additional references from April 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with disputed statements from August 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018, Articles lacking reliable references from August 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022, Articles needing additional references from March 2021, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Box. They use their well-rounded defense to avoid or block shots and then immediately catch the opponent off guard with a well placed and timed punch. This disease begins to develop during the life of the athlete, and continues to develop even after sports activity has ceased. Beginner boxers might feel that any footwear will do for boxing, but if you want the best protection, you should invest in boxing shoes and boots. The most common is the jab and cross combination, nicknamed the "one-two combo". As he did so, Taylor showed signs of extreme exhaustion, and every tick of the clock brought Taylor closer to victory unless Chvez could knock him out. GET 10% OFF EVERYTHING - Use Promo - SUMMER10, Free delivery on orders over 70.00 - Learn more. The gloves can be used to block an opponent's blows. These hardwearing but comfortable boots provide you with the traction and ankle support you need to keep sparring for longer. In many other venues sanctioned by amateur boxing associations. Left-handed or southpaw fighters use a mirror image of the orthodox stance, which can create problems for orthodox fighters unaccustomed to receiving jabs, hooks, or crosses from the opposite side.

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