0004212 00000 n Victims and the

0000004212 00000 n Victims and their Participation in Criminal Justice Process, 6. 0000074165 00000 n endobj 21-22). <>stream Seattle Police car image courtesy ofMrkoww. Local, Regional & Global Solutions to Violence against Women & Girls, 1. %PDF-1.4 % However, SPD utilizes multiple Victim Support Teams (VSTs) to respond to incidents of domestic violence while the police are still on-site during the evening hours. 4. One of the main promises of the Justice Party's election campaign is to reform the police complaints system. %%EOF 0000000016 00000 n As the CPT website describes about the officers working on these teams, It is their job to know the residents in troubled apartments, to recognize by sight, the regulars who congregate on the corner, and to understand the ongoing problems and concerns of neighbors and businesses. Discrimination and Violence against LGBTI Individuals, 4. Mandatory arrest:Washington state has a mandatory arrest law for misdemeanor domestic violence cases. Investigations can range from arresting street level dealers and shutting down a nuisance drug house, to long term investigations that dismantle complex drug trafficking organizations.. Patrol officers and specialty units supplemented the regularly assigned district officers to proactively patrol these areas. The victim is informed on the closure of the case. Towards Humane Prisons & Alternative Sanctions, 1. 0000003299 00000 n The brief debrief with a supervisor, which focused on the LEED model (listen and explain with equity and dignity), was associated with a reduced likelihood of the officer making an arrest and using force in the weeks that followed. 0000001961 00000 n Focused deterrence strategies(focus on high-rate offenders). What is Sex / Gender / Intersectionality? H|unRk,g^/TAATfVn6H@gV" 7^ The program started with offenders of vehicle thefts. These efforts are utilizing predictive analysis from. 2008-05-19T14:20:13Z The Many Forms of Violence against Children, 3. Once in every three years, the police will organize a multi-stakeholder meeting, with the participation of the Police Inspectorate, Chief Public Prosecutor, a member of the Ombudsman Institution, selected experts, NGOs and media representatives to review macro-trends in complaints against the police, with a view to identify potential systemic issues. Property crime makes up approximately 70% of reported crime throughout the city. However, the Chief of Police has the power to classify information, including information concerning complaints against police officers, if the disclosure of the information poses a threat to the security and proper functioning of the state and its institutions. They can, however, access case files once the court proceedings are over. Vulnerabilities of Girls in Conflict with the Law, 3. The Media are not allowed in during the court hearings concerning criminal offences by police officers. Gender Diversity in Criminal Justice Workforce, Module 10: Violence against Women and Girls, 2. SPD utilizes technology such as vehicle license plate readers, predictive policing software (see above), vehicle mobile data computers, dashboard cameras, facial-recognition software, and other technology as it becomes available. 0000004983 00000 n x\~}52%E4v\X"Jyn"d&wvr?, Problem Solving Case Studies Seattle Police Department. Protection of Especially Vulnerable Groups, Module 5: Police Accountability, Integrity and Oversight, 1. Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy 56 0 obj The department ended the program in 1996 because of a belief that the $250,000 spent a year could be better allocated on more effective programs (see coverage fromThe Seattle Times). 0000003427 00000 n H\j@s^H4fTZP{ &[0Uz/LcfvRtt.I-5zb(\5\!-|_Gy=h>fj=]~ ^4nk~.b}kxYoA]1/(^Tf^YgoySVx>xCwq\%$`!xE^-%=;=:=;=:=;=:=;=:>aVfYaVO@'Oy&?y&3y!Wpnnnnnnnn>oWhd14.,_O 9 Once the disciplinary investigation is complete, it is the Chief of Police who decides on the disciplinary sanction. During a disciplinary investigation, the accused police officer can consult with the Association of Police Officers. The Chief Inspector is appointed by the Minister of Interior. In addition, SPD began a pilot project to evaluate the use of body cameras in 2016 with rollout of cameras to all officers starting in 2017 and continuing into 2018 (see more on SPDsBody Worn Videopage). (2016)examined the impact of SPDs brief procedural justice training program for officers working in high crime areas or likely to be in a problematic event. 0000006874 00000 n <<6907a458c0eb8540a0af370796b54940>]>> $&}vn8L ru/|^\OK HtTn0+x)@D-AV`+J;CJ0lrvfvgm&0xYuSt^6TMVe.vvyvbzvmFKQ^E5t(b 1v;!oU\:e)Y^GREJ~T+Wj{U8H\prd(2Jq7lUZY]*PYt_ 4x6 There are a few anecdotal reports where these supplemental officers were in the right place at the right time to prevent and arrest potential armed suspects before they were able to use their guns. <> Although, SPD does not typically make use of CCTV as a crime prevention tool, the department does use CCTV footage from businesses and other organizations to investigate crimes, particularly retail thefts. The program has now been expanded to include burglary. Officers in the SPD must arrest if there is probable cause to believe an incident of domestic violence occurred in the past four hours (see more from theMunicipal Court of Seattle). xref startxref 0000001036 00000 n While random preventive patrol still remains one patrol approach in Seattle (just as in almost every major city), the department is committed to more innovative patrol strategies to develop a world class scientifically driven approach to deployment and crime fighting. These efforts will include real-time crime mapping software and additional training for crime analysts, as well as a greater focus on hot spots by crime analysts on hot spots. Victim Services: Institutional and Non-Governmental Organizations, 7. startxref *saZG, 0000007393 00000 n Addressing crime and disorder in Seattles hot spots: What works? Fairfax, VA 22030. 598 0 obj <> endobj Introducing United Nations Standards & Norms on CPCJ vis--vis International Law, 2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Module 12: Privacy, Investigative Techniques & Intelligence Gathering, Surveillance & Interception of Communications, Privacy & Intelligence Gathering in Armed Conflict, Accountability & Oversight of Intelligence Gathering, Module 13: Non-Discrimination & Fundamental Freedoms, Module 16: Linkages between Organized Crime and Terrorism, Module 15: Contemporary Issues of Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism, Topic 1. Problem Solving Case Studies Seattle Police Department 0000001878 00000 n endobj ?B+GR?TPQAp7K&V}w=y ``~!W'O\OuNgU4:W-\H.qtaT^B>/4_Jx&~7L! Seattle Police Case Study. 0 endobj The Police Service is required to publish statistics on the number of complaints received, investigated and police officers sanctioned to inform the public. 0000002860 00000 n Crosscutting & contemporary issues in police accountability, 1. {6xO\&=]LfKS,7g9i~?L1i]ugYk8n+OG@pW\5xC-xG%S\%[39eE-%vA^_/`XTtPN:B0F%KADV/ n7a=PCYCA Community policing and procedural justice, Although SPD has a dedicated squad of officers at each precinct to work on long-term issues with various community groups, there is no standard approach to their work. 26 0 obj Contemporary issues relating to the right to life, Topic 3. Contemporary issues relating to non-discrimination and fundamental freedoms, Module 1: United Nations Norms & Standards on Crime Prevention & Criminal Justice, 1. uuid:7dbd25a2-1a54-4ace-bdee-897cd21ef24c Additionally, SPD has developedMicro Community Policing Plansto customize police services by neighborhood, based on call data in conjunction with public safety concerns raised by citizens. endobj 310 Research Hall, 3rd Floor %PDF-1.5 % Director: Cynthia Lum, Mailing Address: The Seattle Police Department committed to increasing patrols in areas known to have gun violence. The evaluation overall suggests a number of positive outcomes from LEAD, including reduced recidivism and criminal justice system costs. uuid:4136dda1-4f0f-4fdc-8188-d2cc67c838fe 0000001570 00000 n While there was initially no evaluation component of the project, Seattle Neighborhood Group (SNG) is currently working with researchers from Arizona State University and Southern Illinois University on a post-project assessment. <>stream 0000010178 00000 n The Court considered, in particular, that the public interest in being informed about undue pressure outweighed the interest in maintaining public confidence in the Prosecutor General's Office. In addition, the Seattle Police Department and other neighboring law enforcement jurisdictions have partnered with the King County Prosecutors Office to focus efforts to obtain exceptional detainment and sentences for known, high volume offenders. 9maLvrFAAn0p e@!NkI22eH=7y?Go =sV}xso,'0l'%.K0L ,09Ll K Introduction to International Standards & Norms, 3. 0000009466 00000 n 4400 University Drive, MS 6D12 Calls for service of shots fired that did not result in an incident report were not included. Detectives in this assignment are highly motivated and are responsible for initiating their own investigations, whereas most other detective units conduct follow up work on crimes that have already occurred. hb```f``g`e`Wab@ !00GX_;u8I:c=/rEf]* ie@n}=u)!>})dt=R*t0v= Zw##"j "jz"m|u,IY. 0000002973 00000 n SPD has also explicitly focused theirSchool Resource Officerprogram in middle and high schools on student engagement and minimizing the use of arrest. Visit theReview of the Research Evidencepage to learn more about what works in policing. <> Introducing Aims of Punishment, Imprisonment & Prison Reform, 2. endobj 28 0 obj Aims and Significance of Alternatives to Imprisonment, 2. 20 37 Policing in democracies & need for accountability, integrity, oversight, 2. Main Factors Aimed at Securing Judicial Independence, 2a. 0000002950 00000 n 0000030692 00000 n Importantly, the Neighborhood Policing Plan also focused on what police were doing in between calls for service and the plans website called for an aggregate of no less than 30% of patrol time available for proactive work on chronic neighborhood crime and safety-related issues.. Rene Cunningham and Adam Vogt <>stream To date, the department has not conducted a full evaluation of their directed patrol for gun violence efforts. 0000074234 00000 n If the police officer in charge of receiving the complaints accepts the complaint of the victim, it will be officially recorded in the complaints system. This area was ranked as one of the highest areas for vehicle theft. A final report on the surveys and implementation of the planswas releasedin 2017. United Nations Standards & Norms on CPCJ in Operation, Regional Crime Prevention Councils/Institutions, Module 3: Access to Legal Aid in Criminal Proceedings, 1. trailer Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD). 0000003484 00000 n General Principles of Use of Force in Law Enforcement, 6. xUYhQ6aHV15m" &F?jV[qEDu"uU*(. If the complaint concerns disciplinary misconduct, it will be investigated by the immediate superior of the police officer who is alleged with misconduct. Rapid response to 911 calls for service:SPDs Neighborhood Policing Plan adopted in 2008 focused on responding to emergency calls for service in seven minutes or less any time and any place within the city. 0000003710 00000 n Right of Victims to Adequate Response to their Needs, 5. H\j@E^&W*ap /f&#[-/W7$0IGCQ'=zwnuOt};}}I. Scope of United Nations Standards & Norms on CPCJ, 3. If the complaint concerns criminal offence, the case will be forwarded to the prosecution. We updated the links and materials in Spring 2018, except for those concerning SPD. 2009-01-05T12:55:30-05:00 <>>> endobj Public Prosecutors as Gate Keepers of Criminal Justice, 2b. 0000044348 00000 n endobj A grant-funded ongoing City research evaluation to address hot spots of juvenile crime in the Rainier Beach neighborhood. The first model is focusing on density hot spots of street segments with high volumes of calls for service. 22 0 obj suggested the program was well positioned to build trust in students. Institutional and Functional Role of Prosecutors, 2c. If they continued dealing, they would be arrested and prosecuted. endstream 27 0 obj A second Drug Market Initiative was conducted in Columbia City in early 2011 (see coverage fromThe Seattle Times), and a third was conducted in 2013 in the International District. 0 Finally, in the area of procedural justice, a recent evaluations byOwens et al. The police provide official legal assistance to the accused police officer only in criminal cases (and not disciplinary investigations). HWS9~_G]^{$z0aiO7$7LcKdI$ma:eU{7e*?YWUZv98KXq+L27kN2oe*% Nli"._H$#?D,,9>2.K}i"q"$6K=]7~5,W? Random preventive patrol:The department is transitioning toward using a data-driven approach to deployment. The Seattle Police Department is also participating in a program for low-level drug and prostitution offenders calledLaw Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD). endobj Evidence Technicians can be found throughout the patrol force, across all five precincts and three watches. It is most accurate to characterize the approaches used by detectives as a hybrid of both information gathering and accusatorial approaches. Executive Director: David Weisburd 0000030200 00000 n Following an election win of the Justice Party, the new Government has drafted a strategic concept for enhancing police accountability through reforming internal police complaints handling mechanism. Contemporary issues relating to conditions conducive both to the spread of terrorism and the rule of law, Topic 2. The case concerns ineffective investigations for the false imprisonment, assault, rape and trafficking in human beings perpetrated against the applicant. 0000006253 00000 n endobj A process evaluation (Seattles Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion Program: Lessons Learned from the First Two Years) was completed by the University of Washington in March 2014. Module 1: What Is Corruption and Why Should We Care? 20 0 obj 0000000596 00000 n Justice for Children in Conflict with the Law, Module 14: Independence of the Judiciary and the Role of Prosecutors, 1a. As described on theSPD website, detectives in the Narcotics Pro-Active Squads, for example are responsible for investigating narcotics offenses by developing confidential sources and through undercover investigations. Improving the Criminal Justice Response to VAC, 6. The Seattle Police Department suspended its drone program in February 2013 and returned the departments two drones to the vendor (see coverage fromThe Seattle Times). :~NMC=?M vhm@}qYs>I#Be*ad7MJppF}U7ftU`kbptK*h Appendix: How Corruption Affects the SDGs, Module 3: Corruption and Comparative Politics, Hybrid Systems and Syndromes of Corruption, Political Institution-building as a Means to Counter Corruption, Manifestations and Consequences of Public Sector Corruption, Forms & Manifestations of Private Sector Corruption, Consequences of Private Sector Corruption, Collective Action & Public-Private Partnerships against Corruption, Module 6: Detecting and Investigating Corruption, Detection Mechanisms - Auditing and Reporting, Brief background on the human rights system, Overview of the corruption-human rights nexus, Impact of corruption on specific human rights, Approaches to assessing the corruption-human rights nexus, Defining sex, gender and gender mainstreaming, Theories explaining the gendercorruption nexus, Manifestations of corruption in education, Module 10: Citizen Participation in Anti-Corruption Efforts, The role of citizens in fighting corruption, The role, risks and challenges of CSOs fighting corruption, The role of the media in fighting corruption, Access to information: a condition for citizen participation, ICT as a tool for citizen participation in anti-corruption efforts, Government obligations to ensure citizen participation in anti-corruption efforts, Module 1: Introduction to International Terrorism, Module 2: Conditions Conducive to Spread of Terrorism, Preventing & Countering Violent Extremism, Module 3: International Counter-Terrorism Legal Framework, International Cooperation & UN CT Strategy, Current Challenges to International Legal Framework, Module 4: Criminal Justice Responses to Terrorism, Module 5: Regional Counter-Terrorism Approaches, Module 6: Military / Armed Conflict Approaches, Relationship between IHL & intern. 0000128005 00000 n This program thus differs from standard second responder programs in that victim support is offered almost immediately. The SPD has adopted an all-crimes, approach to counterterrorism where resources are devoted to combating not only terrorist attacks, but also related crimes that support and facilitate terrorism, such as identify theft and weapons violations. 0000008798 00000 n As noted above, the department has already made efforts to increase its focus on drug, juvenile, and property crime hot spots. endobj 598 15 George Mason University CPT is about understanding ongoing issues that go back weeks and months and taking steps to prevent problems before they arise.. The greatest success has been in the downtown business core. The use of proactive investigations by SPD detectives is primarily determined by the subject matter of the investigation. 0000000016 00000 n Module 9: Prohibition against Torture et al. Quality Assurance and Legal Aid Services, 1. E4J High Level Conference Vienna October 2019, Breakout Sessions for Primary and Secondary Level, UNODC-UNESCO Partnership for Global Citizenship Education, Trafficking in Persons & Smuggling of Migrants, Crime Prevention & Criminal Justice Reform, Crime Prevention, Criminal Justice & SDGs, UN Congress on Crime Prevention & Criminal Justice, Commission on Crime Prevention & Criminal Justice, Conference of the States Parties to UNCAC, Rules for Simulating Crime Prevention & Criminal Justice Bodies, Developing a Rationale for Using the Video. Fairfax, VA 22030, Physical Address (UPS & FedEx): These areas were identified starting in 2012 via a density map of documented incidents where gun violence occurred. Outlook on Current Developments Regarding Victims, 8. <> endstream endobj 599 0 obj<> endobj 601 0 obj<> endobj 602 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 603 0 obj<> endobj 604 0 obj<> endobj 605 0 obj[/ICCBased 610 0 R] endobj 606 0 obj<> endobj 607 0 obj<> endobj 608 0 obj<> endobj 609 0 obj<>stream The accused police officer can appeal the outcome of the disciplinary investigation at the Ministry of Interior's Police Inspectorate. All Rights Reserved. <]/Prev 338817>> Current Trends, Challenges & Human Rights, 3. endstream Victims of Crime and International Law, 1. SPD utilizes a variety of interrogation techniques. In 2010, the Safer Union Project arose from the work of a Drug Market Initiative operation (see below). Issues in Implementing Restorative Justice, Module 9: Gender in the Criminal Justice System, 1. SPD does not use any second responder programs of the type that have been rigorously evaluated. Addressing Violence against Children within the Justice System, 2. The case concerns the beating and rape of a Turkish girl of Kurdish origin (aged 17 at the time) by Turkish law enforcement agencies during detention. The criminal justice and oversight system is largely ineffective resulting in impunity for violations of the law. States' Obligations to Prevent VAC and Protect Child Victims, 4. The Drug Market Initiative (DMI) is a focused deterrence strategy that has been used three times in Seattle. 0000010893 00000 n At the time, the mayor released a statement noting the department decided to focus resources on public safety and community policing as opposed to the drones. Information-gathering interrogation approach. ?\|&sOdzc\EKgMsNlO 9+*DEC++=7IM!uB6M66Z#khv2\(=uXsKl.`M/R IZrUP6)__qdaspXxMRp^Gs295l8}KNn|w).1IJvSH,l(h^-n2F(?h :2&V([G=Cn@-1Q@w} L;U>WWA.q6Ur 0000004491 00000 n Problem Solving Case Studies Seattle Police Department Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy 0000002338 00000 n %PDF-1.6 % The concept paper has the following proposals: Mr Guja was dismissed from the Prosecutor General's Office for providing the press with two documents which disclosed interference by a high-ranking politician in pending criminal proceedings concerning police officers. 2009-01-05T12:55:30-05:00 Understanding the Concept of Victims of Crime, 3. Although this project is community-led, SPD is an active partner in this partnership and participates in crime prevention activities. 0000001360 00000 n Key Components of the Right of Access to Legal Aid, 4. 261 0 obj <> endobj 278 0 obj <>stream 0000002986 00000 n 0000059312 00000 n Roles and Responsibilities of Legal Aid Providers, 8. 0000006107 00000 n <>stream The Seattle Police Department uses its property crime detectives in a traditional follow-up role where the crime is first reported to patrol officers and the cases are then assigned to detectives by a supervisor if there are sufficient solvability factors. The task of VSTs is to assess and ensure the safety of the victim, provide victims with information about services offered and assist in developing a plan to access these services. Addressing Crime and Disorder in Seattle Hot Spots: What Works?. Gender-Based Discrimination & Women in Conflict with the Law, 2. endstream IcdT{i#'5J&[{-5s')Zd )^?JUOYqN!'N#^F8K0B7WM{4=v%FwJxPq^YeD9.u/E GHu@uV-zv}UE!OKf1CI -'Siz{al2=DF_&g3t2Dj:FnZu@nwidky8{:]w&\g-PQOapCEgp#:ftQC0r4cq]kZiVG#Y(\uJ*#]gx Ye$`HWdUbZ"KY)v#$BQqJP7mJA2PM+oA'ow^VZ En FwoBP 0000005596 00000 n As part of the program, low-risk drug dealers in the area were told during a call-in meeting that they had the opportunity to avoid the criminal justice system and receive services and treatment if they gave up drug dealing. During a disciplinary investigation, information may be provided only to the victim and to the victim's legal representative upon their written request. 0000001459 00000 n <> VSTs provide the victim with a wide range of information about such matters as protective orders, court, legal aid, battered womens shelters, and counseling services. The primary focus of the pro-active unit is directed towards mid-level drug dealers operating throughout the city. Like, DMI, LEAD tries to link offenders with treatment and services, but unlike DMI, LEAD is focused on low-level offenders who can be immediately diverted from the criminal justice system into services after arrest. Through their efforts, over a span of time, this intersection was transformed into a viable center of social and retail activity. 0000003185 00000 n Concept, Values and Origin of Restorative Justice, 2. 30 0 obj For all other cases, officers and detectives are trained and well-versed in the basics of evidence collection and preservation. A 2015 process evaluation by Gill et al. The department has partnered withSeattle Universityto survey residents in each micro community about their biggest public safety concerns. rB>XCP~0 sZv,UW]2. 0000002310 00000 n human rights law, Module 7: Counter-Terrorism & Situations of Public Emergency, Limitations Permitted by Human Rights Law, Examples of States of Emergency & Derogations, Extra-territorial Application of Right to Life. Analysts will work to quickly relay information about hot spots to front line officers. application/pdf DMI I had 32 participants, DMI II had five participants, and DMI III had two participants. 0000007653 00000 n Rapid response has not been strongly linked to suspect apprehension in prior research, although rapid response is useful in certain emergency situations. 3. The Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy has led the program evaluation efforts and a number of reports are available on theABSPY Data page. Police abuse, misconduct and corruption have been rampant in Country X. Seattles Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion Program: Lessons Learned from the First Two Years, Rainier Beach: A Beautiful Safe Place for Youth (ABSPY). 600 0 obj<>stream 0000001835 00000 n In doing so, the department has adopted the National Counterterrorism Strategy of disrupting, dismantling, and defeating terrorism by participating in multi-disciplinary, public-private partnerships, such as the Seattle Joint Terrorism Task Force and the Washington State Fusion Center. Victims can appeal the outcome of the criminal proceedings at a higher court. Overview of Restorative Justice Processes. This project is utilizing research-informed,place-based interventionsthat include changes to the physical environment. 2022 The Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy (CEBCP). These efforts were detailed by the Seattle Office of City Auditor in a 2011 report entitledAddressing Crime and Disorder in Seattle Hot Spots: What Works?(see pp. If PredPol is found to be successful for predicting the location of property crimes (see above), the softwares algorithm may also be used to determine locations of probable gun violence. Further case studies are included in the Contemporary issues relating to foreign terrorist fighters, Topic 4. Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E. Residents and business owners get to know and trust the officers, making it easier to work together to resolve and prevent problems. Problem Solving Case Studies %%EOF An evaluation of the public safety impacts of the program sponsored by the Ford Foundation is ongoing with anumber of reportsreleased in 2016. Key mechanisms & actors in police accountability, oversight, 3. At the scene, these teams offer immediate services to victims and their families. In other instances officers were able to take suspects into custody immediately after their guns were used. Other Factors Affecting the Role of Prosecutors, Global Connectivity and Technology Usage Trends, Offences against computer data and systems, Module 3: Legal Frameworks and Human Rights, International Human Rights and Cybercrime Law, Module 4: Introduction to Digital Forensics, Standards and Best Practices for Digital Forensics, Module 6: Practical Aspects of Cybercrime Investigations & Digital Forensics, Module 7: International Cooperation against Cybercrime, Formal International Cooperation Mechanisms, Informal International Cooperation Mechanisms, Challenges Relating to Extraterritorial Evidence, National Capacity and International Cooperation, Module 8: Cybersecurity & Cybercrime Prevention - Strategies, Policies & Programmes, International Cooperation on Cybersecurity Matters, Module 9: Cybersecurity & Cybercrime Prevention - Practical Applications & Measures, Incident Detection, Response, Recovery & Preparedness, Privacy: What it is and Why it is Important, Enforcement of Privacy and Data Protection Laws, Module 11: Cyber-Enabled Intellectual Property Crime, Causes for Cyber-Enabled Copyright & Trademark Offences, Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, Conceptualizing Organized Crime & Defining Actors Involved, Criminal Groups Engaging in Cyber Organized Crime, Preventing & Countering Cyber Organized Crime, Module 14: Hacktivism, Terrorism, Espionage, Disinformation Campaigns & Warfare in Cyberspace, Information Warfare, Disinformation & Electoral Fraud, Indirect Impacts of Firearms on States or Communities, Module 2: Basics on Firearms and Ammunition, Illegal Firearms in Social, Cultural & Political Context, Larger Scale Firearms Trafficking Activities, Module 5: International Legal Framework on Firearms, International Public Law & Transnational Law, International Instruments with Global Outreach, Commonalities, Differences & Complementarity between Global Instruments, Tools to Support Implementation of Global Instruments, Module 6: National Regulations on Firearms, National Firearms Strategies & Action Plans, Harmonization of National Legislation with International Firearms Instruments, Assistance for Development of National Firearms Legislation, Module 7: Firearms, Terrorism and Organized Crime, Firearms Trafficking as a Cross-Cutting Element, Organized Crime and Organized Criminal Groups, Interconnections between Organized Criminal Groups & Terrorist Groups, Gangs - Organized Crime & Terrorism: An Evolving Continuum, International and National Legal Framework, International Cooperation and Information Exchange, Prosecution and Adjudication of Firearms Trafficking, Module 2: Organizing the Commission of Crimes, Definitions in the Organized Crime Convention, Criminal Organizations and Enterprise Laws, Module 4: Infiltration in Business & Government, Risk Assessment of Organized Crime Groups, Module 6: Causes and Facilitating Factors, Module 7: Models of Organized Criminal Groups, Adversarial vs Inquisitorial Legal Systems, Module 14: Convention against Transnational Organized Crime.

• Husky Vs Keeper Ratchet Straps
• Coach Studio Shoulder Bag In Signature Canvas
• Extreme Platform Shoes
• White Cocktail Dress For Graduation
• Kate Spade Marti Large Bucket Bag White
• Shimano Speed Sensor Install
• Mainsail Cover Lazy Jacks
• Cheap Bulk Nail Polish
• Pearl And Gold Layered Necklace
• How To Clean Porous Stone Bathroom Tiles
• Kizik Men's Slip-on Shoes
• Sedan For Sale Near New York, Ny
• Apartment Rent Tallinn